Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

Fundamental to all wireless communications is modulation, the process of impressing the data to be transmitted on the radio carrier. Most wireless transmissions today are digital, and with the limited ...

Optical communication systems have evolved significantly over recent years with the advent of advanced modulation techniques designed to enhance spectral efficiency and mitigate interference. Offset ...

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) has been a fundamental component in the evolution of mobile connectivity. As the demand for faster data speeds and more efficient network utilization continues to ...

Benjamin is a business consultant, coach, designer, musician, artist, and writer, living in the remote mountains of Vermont. He has 20+ years experience in tech, an educational background in the arts, ...

Digital or vector modulation can provide increased spectral efficiency, higher data security, and higher quality communications. This comes at a cost of increased system complexity and a resultant ...

Varying the voltage of a carrier or a direct current in order to transmit analog or digital data. Amplitude modulation (AM) is the oldest method of transmitting human voice electronically. In an ...

A 28GHz time-division multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) receiver with eight radio frequency elements, each occupying just 0.1 mm, has been developed using 65nm CMOS technology. This innovative ...

Error vector magnitude (EVM) is a measure of modulation quality and error performance in complex wireless systems. It provides a method to evaluate the performance of ...