Signal transduction is the fundamental process by which cells convert external cues into tailored intracellular responses. Through a cascade of molecular events—beginning at the cell membrane with the ...

Extended Lymph Node Dissection for Gastric Cancer: Who May Benefit? Final Results of the Randomized Dutch Gastric Cancer Group Trial Circulating cytokines, hormones, and growth factors control all ...

Cell signaling is crucial for cells to communicate and function correctly. Disruptions in these pathways, caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors, can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, ...